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Hanna Schleihauf: Chimpanzees Don’t Just Act, They Think About Why

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Episode Summary

Did you know that chimpanzees might be more rational than humans when making decisions?

I had the pleasure of meeting Dr Hanna Schleihauf, who led groundbreaking research revealing that chimpanzees can evaluate the quality of evidence when deciding, just like humans.

In a world where artificial intelligence (AI) is often led by tech enthusiasts who claim superiority over human intellect, it is crucial to explore what true intelligence actually means. Zoology is a field that can help us, humans, redefine our confused understanding of intelligence.

With this in mind, Hannah delved into her groundbreaking studies on chimpanzees and what they revealed about rational thinking.

Hannah discussed her initial interest in animal behaviour, which sparked during high school, which eventually led her to later focus her master’s thesis on a phenomenon known as “overimitation”— the tendency of humans, especially children, to imitate unnecessary actions.

Interestingly, her observations with the current research showed that chimpanzees do not engage in overimitation, choosing instead to perform only the necessary actions to achieve a goal.

This comparative study serves as an early example of how different species approach intelligence and learning tasks.

Join the conversation now, as we delve into human behaviours, AI, political ideologies and my own journey with narcissism as an ex-elite athlete! This discussion was truly outstanding! I suppose, as a scientist, I’m somewhat biased.

Key Takeaways

(YouTube Timestamps)
  • 00:00:00 – Preview
  • 00:02:39 – Introduction to Hanna’s research on chimpanzees and intelligence
  • 00:05:24 – Explanation of overimitation in children and chimpanzees, and Hanna’s collaboration with Jan Engelmann at Berkeley
  • 00:11:45 – Exploration of epistemic defeaters in chimpanzees, their belief formation and reflective rationality.
  • 00:18:07 – Ad to help you focus with functional music!
  • 00:20:36 – Discussion on social dynamics and rationality in chimpanzees and similarities with humans
  • 00:28:40 – Copying trends and group beliefs in humans and chimpanzees – Why do we hold on to beliefs to keep up appearances?
  • 00:38:53 – The stark social and political differences between chimpanzees and bonobos. Can this help us understand the meaning of collective intelligence?
  • 00:47:23 – Environmental factors may create challenges in changing human beliefs despite evidence
  • 00:53:26 – Why do humans struggle with changing their minds? Looking at the anti-vaxxer movement as an example, and the public perception of certainty
  • 01:04:13 – The dangerous rise of public mistrust in science, and scientific communication challenges in a world driven by clickbait
  • 01:16:12 – How humans can be easily manipulated through trends, misinformation and clickbait, using the manosphere as an example
  • 01:22:53 – The power of self-belief, using Tim as an example with his narcissistic self-belief as a championship elite athlete
  • 01:32:11 – Defining intelligence and its multifaceted nature across species. Humans are not the most intelligent!
  • 01:40:00 – The role of consciousness in intelligence

Our Favourite Quote from This Episode

We should become a little bit more humble and see all the other intelligences that we just cannot really grasp.

About our Guest

Dr Hanna Schleihauf

The CEO Retort Guest Profile: Dr Hanna Schleihauf.

Hanna is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Developmental Psychology at the Utrecht University in the Netherlands.

She is a developmental psychologist whose research explores the roots of human rationality and the socio-cognitive foundations of cultural learning.

Hanna employs behavioural experiments, surveys, and interactive AI-based paradigms alongside eye tracking and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to study rationality across development – from toddlers to adults.

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